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What is Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson's Disease is a disease affecting the part of the brain known as 'the basal ganglia' which controls aspects of movement pertaining to maintenance of muscle tone balance, coordination of opposing muscle groups, and the smooth transition from the resting state to movement. These seemingly unrelated aspects of muscle control are what enable a normal person to move in a fluid and gradual manner, without unnecessary jerking motions as complex groups of muscles go into action. In addition, it allows us to use certain muscle groups while allowing others to stay relaxed.

In Parkinson's Disease, the basal ganglia begins to degenerate progressively for unknown reasons. The functional defect seems to include a deficiency of the chemical called dopamine in this area, and other chemical disturbances are suspected as well. It has been postulated that this damage may result from some unknown toxic element or as the result of a previous viral infection. Familial factors do not seem to play a major role. It is not a contagious disease, and generally affects older people.

Any or all of the findings of Parkinsonism may be caused by specific drugs (especially the major tranquilizers such as Thorazine and Haldol), and following encephalitis or other forms of brain injury. However, recent research has revealed that some nutritional factors may be important.